Hellenism In Ancient India

Hellenism In Ancient India
by Gauranga Nath Banerjee

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Text extracted from opening pages of book: HELLENISM IN ANCIENT INDIA. BY GAURANGA NATH BANERJEE, M. A., PH. D., F. R. S. A. LECTURER ON EGYPTOLOGY AND ORIENTAL HISTORY AND SECRETARY TO THE COUNCIL OF POST-GRADUATE TEACHING IN ARTS, THE UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA ; PREMCHAND ROYCHAND SCHOLAR ; MEMBER OF THE CENTRAL ASIAN SOCIETY, LONDON. SECOND EDITION, THOROUGHLY REVISED AND ENLARGED. BUTTERWORTH & Co. ( INDIA), LTD,, 6, HASTINGS ST. CALCUTTA WINNIPEG : 1 SYDNEY : BUTTERWORTH & Co. ( Canada), Ltd* ] BUTTERWORTH & Co. ( Australia), Ltd. LONDON i BUTTERWORTH & Co , BELL YARD, TEMPLE BAR. 1920 PRINTED BY K. C. NEOGI, NABABIBHAKAR PRESS, 9T/ 2, MACHUA BAZAR STREET/ CALCUTTA. BGPHISATTWA STATUES FROM GANDHARA. Museum^ Calcutta*.) TOT First Edition. April, Second Edition July^ 1920* CONTENTS BOOK J Introduction ... ... ... ... ... i Bibliography ... ... ... ... ... 27 BOOK IL THE HELLENISTIC INFLUENCE ON THE ART OF INDIA. CHAPTER I. ARCHITECTURE. Section /* Land and People : Indian Architecture : The theory of its probable native origin : The discovery of Graeco-Bud dhist Architecture in the Peshawar Valley ... ... 31 Section //. The Geographical distribution of the Graeco-Bud dhist Art. The Gandhara region. Sir M. Stein's Discoveries in Chinese Turkestan ... ... ... ... 39 Section ///. The Age of the Graeco-Buddhistic School. Is the In fluence traceable to Indian Art, Greek or Roman ? ... 50 Section IV. The supposed Persepolitan influence : The Indianisa tion of the Classical motive. True extent of the Hellenistic ' influence ... ... ... ... 57 Bibliography ... ... ... ... ... ... 70 CHAPTER II. SCULPTURE. Section /. Post-Buddhist and Pre-Gandhara Sculptures. The Grseco-Buddhist Sculptures of Gandhara : the Ekagnnga Statue and. the Bacchic Episodes* ... ... ... 73 CONTENTS Section //. The Relic-casket of Kamshka . the Hellenistic influ ence, it exhibits. Professor Bhandarkar's Besnagar Find ... 84 Section ///. The Indo-Hellenistic Sculptures of the Mathura School [ The Kamshka Statues of Mathura] : its relationship to the Gandhara School the two theories ... ... 88 Section IV. Criticism on the Indo-Hellenistic Sculptures in general ... ... ... - 9& Bibliography ... ... ... ... 1O 4 CHAPTER III. PAINTING. Section / Indian Painting : Probably of Native Origin. In dian Fresco-buono. A j ant a Caves ... ... 108 Section //. Indian Painting, mainly religious : employment of vivid colours. Ajanta Caves and Roman Catacombs. The indigenous School of Painting m Buddhist Monasteries ( Uni versities) .. ... ... ... ... 114 Bibliography ... ... ... ... ... 119 CHAPTER IV. COINAGE. Sechon /. First discovery of Greek Coins in Beghram ... 121 Section IL Coinage . purely of indigenous origin, developed by the Greeks. The Greek Invasion and the Graeco-Indian Coins ... ... ... ... ._ 123 Section ///. Greek Language . Indian Language : Scythian Language. Greek type : Semi-Hellenic type. Indo-Parthian Coins . Kushana Coins ... ... ... ... 133 The Date of Kanishka ... ... ... ... 142 Bibliography ... ... ... ... ... H 8 BOOK ///. THE EVOLUTION OF SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY CULTURE IN INDIA AND HELLENISM. ii CONTENTS CHAPTER V. ASTRONOMY The antiquity of the Indian Astronomy - Its scientific development due to the Alexandrian Schools. The Romaka and the Puliga Siddhantas. Dr. Thibaut's Opinions ... ... ... 153 Bibliography ... ... ... ... ... 171 CHAPTER VI. MATHEMATICS. The Hindu Arabic Numerals : early ideas of their origin. The in* vention of Arithmetic by the Indians : The independent de velopment of Geometry and Algebra by the Hindus. The Sulva Sutras : Dr. Thibaut's opinion ... ... 173 Introduction of Arabic Numerals into Europe ... ... 182 Bibliography ... ... ... ... ... 185 CHAPTER VII. MEDICINE. Section /. The Development of the Science of Medicine in India : Conflicting views regarding the Age of Hindu Medicine ... 186 Section //. The Study of Anatomy, Physiology and Osteology, in Greece and in India ... ... ... ... 191 Section Iff. The Burning of,

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